Between Socialization and Social Exclusion in Postmodern World
Revista de Asistenţă şi Mediere Socială– Copyright © 2011
FORMAT | ARTICLE
PAGES | 7-21
LANGUAGE | English
ISSN| 2069-3990
HOW TO CITE| SANDU, Antonio (2011). Between Socialization and Social Exclusion in Postmodern World. Revista de Asistenţă şi Mediere Socială, mai 2011, 7-21.
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ABSTRACT:
Through its size factor the global society cannot be a unitary tem. Society divides into communities and these in their turn divide into social groups. Through culture the individuals make international the rules and values of their group (the group they belong to) and also of the group they desire to be a part of (the reference group).
At society level there are instances that have the level internationalization of those specific rules and values checked by its members. The social control instances check the level of conformity of the actions of the social actors with the rules of the group and the level of internationalization of those values. The social control is being applied through institutional or unusual methods, material or symbolic, through reward or force. Social control appears as a result of the reciprocal interdependencies between the component elements of a social system. The phenomenon of social marginalization and exclusion does not appear only in deviant categories. Society extends the socalled “social control” onto other social categories, pushing them into rejected areas as well (Goffman, 1963). Let us take, for the beginning, the case of people suffering from AIDS. Although these are not even a true deviant category, even if some individuals can come from deviant environments or can manifest deviant behaviours, generally there exists the tendency to marginalize them, invoking either the fear of a possible contamination, or the repulsion of the “sexual habits” of the diseased etc, so one may avoid them altogether.
Continuing to analyze different social disfunctions that can appear, we realize that in most cases the phenomenon of marginalization and exclusion is present. It appears as a reaction to “sickness”.The “other”, being either an offender, dependent or unable to satisfy some needs, is seen as a threat for the balance of the system, which must be eliminated, a force that could make the existing order unstable. This perception of the “other” comes from the intuitive need to change and unconscious fear of the individual that te or she will be obliged to make a change. The perception of „sickness” as a threat brings about the adapted reaction of its complete denial.
KEYWORDS:
Socialisation, social exclusion, social vulnerability, social control.